Dependency Annotation for Learner Corpora
نویسندگان
چکیده
Building from the CHILDES dependency annotation scheme and on interlanguage POS annotation, we describe a syntactic annotation scheme developed for the data of second language learners. We encode subcategorization frames and underlying dependencies, in addition to the usual surface dependencies. The annotation scheme is relatively independent of language and can be mapped to learner errors.
منابع مشابه
Inter-annotator Agreement for Dependency Annotation of Learner Language
This paper reports on a study of interannotator agreement (IAA) for a dependency annotation scheme designed for learner English. Reliably-annotated learner corpora are a necessary step for the development of POS tagging and parsing of learner language. In our study, three annotators marked several layers of annotation over different levels of learner texts, and they were able to obtain generall...
متن کاملDependency Annotation of Coordination for Learner Language
We present a strategy for dependency annotation of corpora of second language learners, dividing the annotation into different layers and separating linguistic constraints from realizations. Specifically, subcategorization information is required to compare to the annotation of realized dependencies. Building from this, we outline dependency annotation for coordinate structures, detailing a num...
متن کاملAn annotation scheme for Persian based on Autonomous Phrases Theory and Universal Dependencies
A treebank is a corpus with linguistic annotations above the level of the parts of speech. During the first half of the present decade, three treebanks have been developed for Persian either originally or subsequently based on dependency grammar: Persian Treebank (PerTreeBank), Persian Syntactic Dependency Treebank, and Uppsala Persian Dependency Treebank (UPDT). The syntactic analysis of a sen...
متن کاملREALEC learner treebank: annotation principles and evaluation of automatic parsing
The paper presents a Universal Dependencies (UD) annotation scheme for a learner English corpus. The REALEC dataset consists of essays written in English by Russian-speaking university students in the course of general English. The original corpus is manually annotated for learners’ errors and gives information on the error span, error type, and the possible correction of the mistake provided b...
متن کاملPhrase Structure Annotation and Parsing for Learner English
There has been almost no work on phrase structure annotation and parsing specially designed for learner English despite the fact that they are useful for representing the structural characteristics of learner English. To address this problem, in this paper, we first propose a phrase structure annotation scheme for learner English and annotate two different learner corpora using it. Second, we s...
متن کامل